Astronomy Exam IAL 3-5 Flashcards | Quizlet The ancient Babylonians of the 5th century BCE probably invented horoscopic astronomy (No-41), but its main structure as passed down to the present probably evolved in the Greco-Roman world from the 2nd century BCE onward (Ne-170-171). This Greco-Roman astrology has left some unusual imprints on modern conventions. For example,